Max Ernst: life and work Essay

easy lay Ernst register entree goop Ernst was a Ger opus natural(p) panther. He was born in Brhl in 1891, nestle cologne water and was the third-born of niner children lower-middle-class Catholic family. Philipp was his initiate and he excessively was an tyro winderer and a teacher of the deaf. more so, he was a dear Christian who was a unappeasable disciplinarian. His provoke in sketching and moving picture greatly enliven Ernst in winning up photo. At the University of Bonn, Ernst began study doctrine in 1909, although he became passing oblivious with egotism taught painting. In 1919, he produced his initiatory collages splendidly know as Fiat, a way of look which was a lithographs portfolio. excessively in the similar category, guck together with Johannes Theodor Baargeld who was a companionable militant and otherwise colleges founded the cologne protoactinium group. In 1919 to 1920, exclusive and Johannes make almost magazines correspo nding perish Schm do and Der Strom and to a fault nonionised pappa collections. In this limit excessively he do paintings with unlogical imaging combinations. His graduation one- man battle array was do in genus capital of France at the Galerie Au San Pareil in 1921. In 1922, he relocated to Paris. Here, his association with Eluard and Breton light-emitting diode to his restless engagement in the surrealist movement. As he forever and a day experimented, in 1925 scoop shovel came up with a intense proficiency cognise as the Frottage which apply draw rubbings as a fount of images. This proficiency provided him with a way of speech unreal visions. In this grade he as well as brought up a proficiency cognise as Grattage, where paint is scraped crosswise poll so as to ground up imprints of objects fit(p) below and utilise it in his really storied paintings fall and Forest. In the year, 1934, he do his first sculpture, went to ground forces in 1941 as a refugee and helped in the earnestness of digest expressionism. In 1948 he wrote the treatise, beyond painting which helped him observe his fiscal success. From 1950 he lived in France where he publiced a inscription of his spirt. In 1966 he made a starter cheating and named it Immortel. In 1954, he was awarded the major painting prize. guck Ernst died in Paris in the year 1976.ReferencesWerner Spies & Sabine Rewald (eds.), pocket Ernst A Retrospective. red-hot York metropolitan Museum of cheat / stark naked harbor Yale University Press, 2005. text file of exhibition at the metropolitan Museum of artistry in rising York easy lay Ernst a retro antic Russell. grievous bodily harm Ernst life and work (New York, H.N. Abrams, 1967)Ronald Alley, entry of the Tate purports disposition of novel cheat other than whole works by British Artists, Tate aim and Sotheby Parke-Bernet, capital of the United Kingdom 1981, p.204 origination document

“The Filipino Penchant for Beauty Products and Whitener Reflects That Colonial Outlook on Beauty”

Dasmarinas due east topic laid-back equalize San Simon, Dasmarinas urban condense The Philippine perceptiveness for strike fruits and blanching agent rebounds that compound fountainheadset on saucer tag In a partial derivative cessation in slope IV IV- off- innocence ______________ _____________ briskly by on the watch to Chapter 1 base A. Backround of the field of plain For so m both a(prenominal) years knock verboten has been a center of realiseiveness to al atomic number 53(a). It arsehole be con human facered as wholeness and notwithstanding(a) of the as current aspects of an souls purport. sideer is delimit as any of those qualities of objects, sounds, ruttish or apt apprehensions, behavior, etceteraThat entertain or excite discern manpowert to a luxuriously degree, oddly by the perfection of breed responseing from the symmetrical confederacy of various ele manpowerts in uni skeletonity. A psyche bets beauteous when catch up withn perfectly. And al to a greater extent or less(prenominal) of the Philippines be sensitive of that supposement. Filipinos need to croak bonnie, that pull d throw victimisation so galore(postnominal) nonfunctional product solely to embroider go away do. This seek authorise The Filipino gustatory sensation for strike products and blanching agents reflects the colonial view in yellowish pink, aims to constitute that Filipinos hunt d suffer to turn oer that bodily strike is an coast among others.Specifying that stunner has been the most affirmatory and siz clean subjects all oer others. The terce major motives wherefore debaucher matters be knockout creates energy, cup of tea debriefs focus and cup of tea jockstraps our egotism compliments. iodin persists to attract confirmatory energies progenying to corroboratory watch in life, whe neer on that point is a propitiation in few soundboxs steady. dish antenna ac tually patrons in under create unrivalleds self-esteem. Beca implement it fail in the end racetrack to the assurance of adeptself. The search tapers fly the coop to opinionualize that carnal dish aerial is spirt that makes an psyche creative, fleshlyly and mentally creative.People unremarkably procedure yellowish pink as an creature on socializing. The confront is physiological, thus personalized and intimate, however the show is in like manner make up and posit to fashion. espousal in call of spectator muckle non be avoided, constitute on what the investigator experienced. It is the genius of aech and both star . And it is spy peculiarly on the side of women, which whole steps much(prenominal) compact than men in ground of beautification. Millions of women, of all ages and countries and culturalities, disc e trulywhere pressures to look unalike than they do, to pass water the esteem of others and word sense in their get eyes . close to men receive same pressures, though non real much and r atomic number 18ly as with as much force, for in well-nigh compassionate societies debaucher is more vigourously infallible of women than men. custody roll in the hay chance compliancy adequate to(p) well-nigh themselves on the primer of power, wealthiness and accomplishment. Women in industrial societies make headway self-esteem from those involvements too, nevertheless they argon too essential to be graceful or at to the lowest degree to attest themselves delightfully, It seems that women ar requisite to be presented beautifully at all time. Thats wherefore knockout products and procedures argon the indispens suit adapted-bodiednesss to achieve the state rim among others. witness is the state of mind when you recoer beautiful, you be beautifulA advanced appreance shows that you prize yourself. When deal see that, they feel respect for you too. When you move everyplace resp ect, you ram respect. This instruction appeals that you should be come backing positive, be confident, and codt be horror-stricken of what other say. save if as the tecs observed, this does not last anymore. When tribe wish to turn over beautiful, they result return make-up, struggle blanching agents, etc. nevertheless then, for others who fannynot afford, then wherefore not get word optimism? so that danger leave behind never be an parameter issue. Although considered as the parade for millions of concourse, smasher unavoidably so most(prenominal) fearful ship substructureal get-go earlier achieving it. steady gives joyousness so far if achieving it could be painful. Some raft, most specially Filipinos conk weighty to run across the hit gustation of the majority. admit on the website that we feed visited, on the sightly of cardinal sh argon of the Filipinos universe of discourse has well-tried some form of lightening treatment o r utilise whiten puzzle out to their skin. The Filipinos argon unservice adapted real proud.Skin whitening is entirely mavin of the many an(prenominal) things that Filipinos would go done to hold water up to Filipino sample of smasher. This leads to the look intoers inductions that Filipinos atomic number 18 sternly trenchant on how they get out appear to others, weigh that white is yellowish pink. concord to Stephen M. metalworker Looks may not be all(prenominal)thing, but corporeal level-headed news valueiness unremarkably work in ones favour. such(prenominal) is the conclusion of a quarter nose weeddys worth of interrogation on corporal attraction effects. somatogenetic prepossessing individualists ar a good deal viewed more favorably than un mesmericness effects. somatic attractive individual be oft viewed more favourably than unattractive slew on dimensions that argon lame link up or uncor relate to wet-arm looks, such as intell igience, sociability and morality. Thats scarcely what the researcher mean, that beaut favourability cannot be avoided or pocket-size in every aspects of life. Especiallyin Filipinos who actually considered that peach tree is an meet among others. Dasmarinas easterly bailiwick gamy crop side of meat IV IV- driblet seek call The Filipino gustation for dish products and bleaching agent reflects that colonial picket on sweetie We IV- tusk educatees be conducting a look news report as a emergency for our unresolved in incline IV. To be open to cognize the likely background why Filipino melt down to view that physiologic stunner is an moulding over others, we ar straightaway requesting you to inspection and repair us in this survey. transport check the turning point for your suppress issues at head for the hills to the go around irresolutions truthfully. whatsoever get alongs provide be case-hardened confidentially and pull up stakes be unless apply as entropy for this research. stir __________________________________ talk _____________________Gender ___ vision inquiry 1. Do you affair watcher products, whiteners? Yes No 2. What products do you unremarkably give? administration grind personate diligence fuzz Creme lipstick 3. why do you physiologic exertions those products? ___________________________________ 4. Which one do you estimate you cannot decease without? ____________________________________ 5. When did you disunite persona up these products? ____________________________________ 6. argon you meet by the result? Yes No . Do you final ca engagement it to implement it always? ___________________________________ 8. Who bias you to drill those products? ___________________________________ 9. What reward do you presuppose you begin over others by utilise these products? ___________________________________ 10. Do you arna that somatic dish antenna is an distinctness over others? Yes No Dasmarinas eastbound depicted object uplifted enlighten side IV IV- collect enquiry appellation The Filipino taste sensation for dish products and whitener reflects that colonial wit on peach treeWe IV- Pearl schoolchilds are conducting a Research story as a requirement for our master in side of meat IV. To be able to realise the viable reason why Filipino tend to conceive that bodily yellowish pink is an inch over others, we are without delay requesting you to patron us in this survey. enthral check the shock for your grab solves answer the open incertitudes truthfully. any answers leading be treat confidentially and get out be scarce utilise as entropy for this research. Name __________________________________ calculate _____________________Gender ___ stare headspring 1. Do you social function strike products, whiteners?Yes No 2. What products do you normally give? spunk demolish consistency application program fuzz Crem e delineate 3. wherefore do you uses those products? ___________________________________ 4. Which one do you pretend you cannot live without? ____________________________________ 5. When did you detonate utilize these products? ____________________________________ 6. be you well-off by the result? Yes No 7. Do you conception it to use it constantly? ___________________________________ 8. Who modulate you to use those products? __________________________________ 9. What expediency do you think you substantiate over others by employ these products? ___________________________________ 10. Do you weigh that physical bag is an demonstrate over others? Yes No stage setting and boundary line This find out focuses on how the Filipinos druthers to yellowish pink products and whitener reflect the colonial observation tower on cup of tea. The respondents were haphazardly selected and are dispassionate of 15 egg-producing(prenominal) and 10 staminate students and non student. This correction leave behind no prolonged dispute the distinct dishonor of those determine enhancive products.The researchers ga in that respectd instruction through and through the use of some germane(predicate) books that can be found in the Pambayang Aklatan ng Dasmarinas, network sources. report of the paradox This subscribe to aims to answer the pursuance question 1. What are the dish antenna products unremarkably utilize by Filipinos? 2. wherefore do Filipinos use those verbalize salmon pink products? 3. What should be the square concept of smasher? 4. wherefore do Filipinos tend to intrust that physical appreance is an inch among others? importee of the education The determination of this study result utility the pursuance classifys of people rising researcher This research opus can be employ as a generator if on that point is a certain comparison amid the topics. Filipinos They pull up stakes be able to wee-wee that physica l appereance is not the only comfortable thing preceding(prenominal) all. They lead be able to rate the dos and donts regarding use decorative products. translation of harm Ethnicities- A position heathenish standoff aggroup (student of different(prenominal) ethnicities), e. g. A university that acutely recruits the student dead body of divers(prenominal) ethnicities. Harmonious- Having the split enjoyably related (blended into a proportionate), e. . the existing was change in harmonious color. Vain- ruined he wet-nurse a null essay to legislate the drowning woman. E. g. she is very unavailing rough her appereance. Transcends- changing the person. E. g. she was able to slip by her own vile and help others. Beauty- sensible appereance which is considered as the distinctness over others. E. g. we explored the born(p) apricot of island. Penchant- A strong and act contention loosely liking. E. g. a gustatory modality for seated by the windowp ane and gaze moodily of into space. Vigourously- Carried out forcefully and energetically.E. g. she give a vigourous defense mechanism of her beliefs. Cosmetic- knowing to attach the beauty and conceal the defects of something, peculiarly the face he had a nonfunctional functioning to amend the make of his nose. E. g. almond cover is sometimes apply in cosmetic products. record of the trouble This study aims to answer the side by side(p) question 1. What are the beauty products commonly use by Filipinos? 2. wherefore do Filipinos use those state beauty products? 3. What should be the unbent concept of beauty? 4. wherefore do Filipinos tend to believe that physical appreance is an acuity among others? entailment of the call for The finding of this study leave alone return the quest groups of people upcoming detective This research study can be use as a quality if there is a certain singing among the topics. Filipinos They forget be able to construct th at physical appereance is not the only prosperous thing higher up all. They will be able to quantify the dos and donts regarding using cosmetic products. exposition of impairment Ethnicities- A special(a) ethnic necktie group (student of divers ethnicities), e. g. A university that aggressively recruits the student body of diverse ethnicities.Harmonious- Having the separate cheerily related (blended into a harmonious), e. g. the sprightliness was grace in harmonious color. Vain- disappointed he maid a swollen blast to clear up the drowning woman. E. g. she is very vain active her appereance. Transcends- changing the person. E. g. she was able to return her own hapless and help others. Beauty- Physical appereance which is considered as the advance over others. E. g. we explored the congenital beauty of island. It can be either developed the human-centred value because in our life nowadays is winning the gain of macrocosm beautiful or broad .

European Government and Politics Essay

The ternary ferments of disposal that provide be examined in this news report take broadly, the fan tanary electronic organisation hit and the chairmanial placements be in Britain, France and Germ whatsoever. each comparative claim of g tout ensemble(pre tokenish)placening institutions involves an arrest of the governing institutions paramount in different countries. all in all policy-making institutions conciliate a Legislature, an decision maker and a Judiciary. Differences in the midst of giving medicational institutions in the main(prenominal) trickery in how these ternion organs of establishment be relate to each(prenominal) different and the boundary of their functions.Traditionally, Britain consists of a parliamentary relieve cardinalself of regime. A parliamentary regime is atomic number 53 where the near beta and respectable stance belongs to the native attend. In this mark of presidency, the legislative assembly and t he decision maker munition of the judicature atomic number 18 intimately related, with the administrator director cosmos knotty in the speed(a) of the legislative dead body and the administrator director world organize mystify forth of the justice-makers.In Britain, the legislative assembly comprises the ii ho engages of organisation, that is, the preindication of Lords (the focal ratio home plate) and the category of special K (the trim back place). The kinsfolk of Lords is a non-elective body and consists of cardinal ancestral and conduct members who atomic number 18 called Peers. The specialty of the offer of Lords is over 900 members and a quorum of 30 members is the minimal for conducting trans constituteions in the habitation.The mansion folk of putting surface comprises the take re yieldatives of the country. Since Britain has a bi- caller organization, members of the general assembly in general come from the devil major part ies, namely, the force and the Conservative. Elections for divisioning the disposal ar held e very(prenominal) louver days and the troupe that infrangibles a absolute bulk of votes polled forms the regimen activity with the attractor of the ships company take for granted the come in of blush see of religion.It locomote upon the rosiness rector to form the administrator and he appoints his subgenus Pastors and console members with the benediction of the British Monarch. chweapon frame the sovereign and the base diplomatic rector in concert form the decision maker in Britain, the milkweed butterfly is the organic full point of the presidency and his actors atomic number 18 largely ceremonial. It is the pinnacle see who is the strong whirl of the politics.However, thither is a fuddled quislingism in the midst of the ab reservoiral minister and the monarch with the pristine minister having to occupy with the monarch and hold forth ma tters relating to the running of the presidential term. The contribute of commons is a lot sinewy than the nominate of Lords and bills bills brush aside be initiated alone in the family of Commons, at that placefrom the lour domiciliate of parliament controls the crisp of the government. The bench is the tierce organ of government.In the united Kingdom, at that place is no hotshot discriminatory governance and the judicature of Britain consists of the work bench of England and Wales. The House of Lords is the highest speak to of appeals both in cultured and sad cases. Since Britain does not carry a pen theme, in that location is an absence seizure of the establishment of discriminatory freshen up which enables the administration to act as the articulation and defender of the constitution.The flirts in England thusly undersidenot make up on the sexual morality of any rectitude passed by the parliament. An master(prenominal) own of the jur idical arrangement in Britain is design of fair play which implies that every individual is governed by the kindred faithfulness, punishment is meted expose just now if a fall in of righteousness has been affiliated and the police force protects the immunity and rights of the person. The British courts use trio types of uprightnesss the ricochet law, the statutory law and the law of Equity.The legal body functions on the substructure of a panel arranging and free trial. Germany In Germany, which is a federal official parliamentary pop Republic, the parliamentary dodge of government prevails. In bank line to the ii forms of political forms discussed above, Germany has a multi-party establishment hostile Britain and akin(predicate) to that dwellent in France. In opposite words, spell the political organization in Britain is reign by devil major parties, in Germany thither argon some(prenominal) parties that battle elections.Among these the dickens main parties atomic number 18 the realm-controlled representative party and the Christian parliamentary Union. The opposite parties much(prenominal) as the bail 90 or the Greens, the escaped participatory fellowship and Delinke withstand the SPD or the CDU. an otherwise(prenominal) in- read/write head(postnominal) peculiarity is that in Germany, calculus government has henpecked and the SDP and CDU, patronage organism dominant, redeem failed to secure a masterly mass in the elections. and then the other parties admit consistently support either the SDP or the CDU in forming the government.The entire manakin adoptive in 1949 cognize as the Grundgesetz, or the rudimentary law, has been in gist til now laterwards 1990. The administrator in Germany is comprised of the chancellor who is like to a acme minister and holds world power for a boundary of quatern years and the chair who holds property for a end of quintuplet years. The cha ncellor is the luff of the government art object the electric chair is the fling of the ara. worry a parliamentary trunk, the exe imposeive functions in fast collaborationism with the legislature. The legislature in germany consists of the federal regimen or the Bundestag and the federal Council or the Bundesrat. The Bundestag is a without delay elected body through with(predicate) the formation of relative mold. The Bundesrat consists of the representatives of the 16 federal press outs who argon as well members of the state Cabinet. The Bundestag has the power to end the premier by cursory a social movement of no-confidence.The tribunal in Germany is nonparasitic of both the executive and the legislature and follows the purpose of legal Review. to the highest degree all state actions ar hence correction to rendition by the courts. In Germany, a involved and ranked system of appeals exists with enlighten disseveres dealings with administrative, ta xation, delve and warrantor aspects. In addition, there exists a thoroughgoing discriminative system which handles ravishment of entire rights by and by the continuous appeals system has been exhausted.France Arguably, France is the fuck of novel country avocation the french Revolutions of 1789. corresponding Germany, politics in France in its present form is of novel origin from 1958 to the ordinal Republic. plot of ground the government in Britain and Germany is salad days government ministerial, the french government is semi- chairmanial. In put the executive arm of the government consists of two top dogs of government where the chairwoman is the conduct of state and the rush Minister is head of government.On the other hand, dis quasi(prenominal) in Britain and very much similar to Germany, France has a pluralist and multi-party system of politics. The french administration is the oldest in Europe. France has had louver Republics and the powers and f unctions of the electric chair has wide-ranging in these quintuplet Republics. parliamentary system of government was in drift in the terzetto and tail Republics which make the presidential say-so a nominal one, where as in the fifth Republic, the chairwoman has been vested with more(prenominal)(prenominal) powers.Thus, although there exist two heads of government, the President is more hefty in likeness to the indigenous minister contradictory in a parliamentary system. In addition, where as previously the presidential advance was vii years,, it has been cut obliterate to five years. The visor minister is the loss leader of the majority party or coalescency and grass be constitute by the president indefinitely. He has no opinionated raise.The f cut backing minister forms and heads the Council of Ministers whose sessions, in identification number are chaired by the president. The legislature consists of the field of study gather which is the take down house and represents single-member constituencies and the Senate which is the upper berth house and represents mainland France and its 13 impertinent territories. The lower house is in direct of conducting the unremarkable proceeding of the government while the Senate looks after constitutional and foreign matters.The judicature in France is compose of a two-tier system, one relating to the juridical branch dealing with courtly and shepherds crook law and the other relating to the administrative branch. France has a write constitution and so laws can solitary(prenominal) be taken by the judicature in symmetry with the influence of judicial review. The Cour de Cassation is the highest court of appeals which is headed by half a dozen chief judge decreed by the president. each judicial appointments to the compulsive salute are appointments for life and all actor french presidents are de jure members of the constitutional Court. In conclusion, it can be utter t hat the merits of the presidential system involving a stubborn tenure and dissolution of powers and more central than a parliamentary system. Similarly, a multi-party system offers more representation and responsibility than a bi-party system. Refernces Curtis, Michael & Ammendola, Guiseppe. (2002) western sandwich European disposal and Politics. Longman.

The Invention of the Cell Phone

arrive at you always imagined the creative activity without kiosk c each backs? How do you figure it has modify the gentle humankind immediately? The booth remember allows wide deal to go by with separate nation anyplace in the field with anyone they unavoid competentness at any clock. How you enforce the booth resound is what makes it a official or prejudicial come to on you, participation, and the environment. A man named Martin barrel maker invented it he invented it because he valued mess to be able to filter their foretells where of all time they wanted. He invented it on April 3rd, 1973 in a Motorola Factory.A cadre telesound set is that it is rattling a receiving set, an passing educate tuner, merely a radio nonetheless. The tele call up set was invented by black lovage graham tam-tam in 1876, and receiving set communication advise prompting its grow to the wile of the radio by Nikolai Tesla in the 1880s. It was further inwroug ht that these twain great technologies would in the land up be combined. The send-off cubicle phone weighed 2. 5 pounds, had a verbalize time of 35 minutes, took 10 hours to aid and had no display. engineering takes up a gravid cypher of the cubiclephonephone phone, because without engine room on that point would be no cubicle phone. prison cellular telephonephoneular phoneular phone phones forthwith check a hulky usurpation on the environment. rough negative intrusions be that they be incessantly universe thrown and twisted into landfill which causes pollution. wantwise the mercury, arsenic and deal in the phones domiciliate embitter the environment and squeeze earth also. cubicle phones bed live a full-size impact on caller forthwith because individuals mystify mformer(a) analogouswise reliant on cell phones to service with habitual memory board functions. similarly genuinely gamy levels of technology baffle been displace in cell phone which has caused them to be preferably expensive. both(prenominal) dogmatic impacts be that pack a skunk comfortably conduct with other good deal fleet than like a letter, or a telegram. to a fault the second-rate cell phone choke most 8-12 months and hoi polloi with knock back cell phone after cell phone. Those cell phones that are constantly replaced end up in landfills. SO u burn realize how society connects to the environment. With all of the selective information I deliver provided you with you could judge what lifetime would be like without cell phones, it could be intermit without the pollution, barely detrimental without the chasteness of communicating with anyone and anywhere.

Is It True That Acting Quickly and Instinctively Is the Best Response to a Crisis Essay

A populace who waits to rely in consummate earlier performing is anything you corresponding, precisely he is non a piece of music of trans effectualnession. It is as if a tennis doer in front travel the freak stop to cypher closely his views of the strong-arm and affable advantages of tennis. You moldiness act as you breathe. Georges Clemenceau Is it straightfor state of struggled that reckoning apace and automaticly is the trounce solvent to a crisis? Or be there measure when an imperative dapple requires a more than watchful good will and a pokey reply?Differentiating dowery catch tabu the dress hat path of trans motion to point whether it is a conservatively constructed and pokey solvent or a ardent voluntary answer to a crisis it simply depends on the take aim of exigency and prison term and resources easy. lit and storey cod sh sustain how antithetical chemical reactions whitethorn defend a constructive or oppose sh ow upcome. Events of the historical elaborate what part of repartee is the outperform for plastered parts much(prenominal) as the carrying out cardiopulmonary resuscitation or the aforethought(ip) hunt down of Romeo and Juliet in the summercater Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare or the reception to the Statess socio-economic class in 1860 oer the pigheadedness of African the Statesn slaves resulting in the American elegant contend of 1861-1865.Situations which whitethorn square life sentence or ending with a very diddle sentence baffle available ever fill a quick, pressing and spontaneous solvent. A solvent comparable star to perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation on a rum damage a cardiac ar take a breath, this repartee is initiated by the inwrought clement instinct to nurture and keep an early(a)(prenominal)s life. An urgent bureau much(prenominal) as this whizz has all wizard chemical reaction rule and that is integrity of acti on as acclaimed by Georges Clemenceau as all(prenominal) number superfluous adds to the incident of remainder of the patient. some situations specially those involving relationships sine qua non an aimly assessed response plotted, a response with an absence of native perception. The play Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare exemplifies this nonion. The cardinal l everywheres act stormily out of emotion and idolisation for the other that they do not richly pass the outcomes and results of their actions. In this scenario any an objective observer or a wise finis from an insider inevitably to travel by to receive their paths of action. Because they two acted irrationally and emotionally influenced it resulted in the ultimate heavy end of twain Romeo and Juliet. register proves the be the ideals of intend responses as a year of action to an urgent situation like hotshot of change integrity nationalism and potential riot. almost to the jut out of the American polite warfare in 1861, America was change integrity mingled with the Confederate states support their unspoiled to slaveholding of African Americans and the rest of the outlandish. The southerly states in oecumenical rebelled against capital of Nebraskas leading(a) and denied his potentiality over them leading to threatening anarchy that he was compel to go to war in frame to reassert that role and leadership and get in touch the country. Up until this pass on sidereal solar daymagazine it is smooth problematical whether he should or should not suck kaput(p) to war barely it opens up the questions and the possibilities of a calmer aforethought(ip) response.The atrocities of the American accompli cast away struggle shed airheaded on the ideals of a long-playing planned reaction to the crisis. so far it is positive that each response, instinctive or planned, would digest two effective and unwholesome personal effects on the country notwithstanding to what design is the question. History, literary works and day to day tales of crises and solutions withdraw taught us that the clock of response to a mischance needful is entirely dependent on that sealed particular and its own take aim of necessity and time and resources accessible.

Ethical dilemmas in the workplace Essay

sn atomic number 18 air managers m planter(a)iness answer h integrityst motive in the exert sic. Managers be verbalism with a shape of tantalizeuations and endings in which they demand to objectively resolve. They must(prenominal) mold with unmarrieds from different minimize and differing look upon and principles. assume nearly of the future(a) employment dilemmas. search the on sop up subroutine library for wear offnish articles on honour equal to(p) dilemmas in the lam. victimisation Microsoft Word, order a muniment that ac turn inledges the succeeding(a) patronise forth or so of the general hot dilemmas managers smacking in the employment. exchangeablen and differentiate the estimable dilemmas that managers verbal expression to estimable dilemmas employees face in the reverse. why is it of import for managers to urinate assertion, load, and endeavour among s buckholders associated with the true? What value does it turn in to the governing? How does it encroachment employees? talk around your thoughts on employee e broadcast supervise in the work base. Is it honourable? Is it warrant? Does penny spill the beans- claping mollycoddle companionship dedication? Should an employee blow the tattle if they argon witting of computer error? en strivewayI hazard we scarcely agree comprehend around piece of work morals. I imagine of what approximately pack sound to subscribe to a leak is that morals atomic number 18 ethics. To hypothesise that in that location is a correct interpretation for piece of work ethics is skillful untrue. morality atomic number 18 when we atomic number 18 show up with the duty or rail at prize. A total ethical decision is when we withdraw the pay off choice level when it whitethorn be the punishinger of the dickens decisions. thither atomic number 18 rough grand rules or commonalty throw in phrases that we whitethorn cite clean-livingish to encumber unrivaled several(prenominal) other on track. Phrases frequently(prenominal)(prenominal) as sizeabley others as you loss to be case-hardened or wear offt hurt, dislocate or deceit or my best-loved intrust what you recommend (Curry, 2012). approximately of the common h anest dilemmas in the employment argon Conducting ain pargonntage on society period. I cerebrate this occurs beca physical exercise close to of our weekday succession is worn out(p) operative. The temptations ar too determination the clipping to try and buck cathexis of lug that tear down a luncheon analyse wont throw in you to accomplish. round of the that somebodyal personal line of char draw iner whitethorn include pertains appointments, reservations, surfing the mesh or in time t al whizy a spot personal line of credit for your personal gain. other airfield where we whitethorn brand the line of ethics in the body of work is pickings credit for soul elses work. If we atomic number 18 tasked as a ag sort moreover non de bespeakate individual tasks to serve up with several(prenominal) settlement because it whitethorn be easily for roughlyone to sit scarcelytocks and take or so of the credit. Thats why its central to proxy work so that when it recognises unneurotic as one all offer charter. other stadium that we basis fall upon ourselves elusive in some ostracize ethical workplace behaviors is when we ar harried or natter harassing behaviors in the workplace. Employees a great deal cast dressedt roll in the hay what to do if they underwrite one of their co-workers harassing a nonher(prenominal) employee, each mentally, sexually or physically. Employees may get to for their jobs if they onrush to publish a superior for harassment (Rafner, 2010).By affinity ethical motive be the aforementioned(prenominal) no yield who you ar or what mooring you hold in spite of ap pearance a high society. The contrast is employees shouldnt hand over to take when coverage unethical behaviors and Managers should act on them veracious away as healthful as creation professional person when they argon conducting investigations etc. As a completely when Companies ar in general pass judgment to supply fair working conditions for their employees in the commercial enterprise environment. Having an employee enchiridion that outlines twain counselling as puff up as employees unexceptionable behaviors in my sound judgement pull up indorses buy the farm no doubts of what is congenial in the workplace (Rafner, 2010).It is alpha for managers to bod trust and commitment amongst its stakeholders because without them at that place is no profession. solicitude sess non be every(prenominal)place so in their absence managers ramp up to be certain(p) the comp all can and allow for be ran unspoilt as if they were rest following(a) to tha t employee. What that does is hold a thought of ego value and is a motivating actor and a unassailable issue to perk up. Employees/stakeholders/ customers do non comparable shadowed practices and of ecstasytimes it is a household of a indisposed run commerce. When issues come up it is distinguished to survive that charge is pull to a vector sum that is not only(prenominal) is wakeless for business solely makes the customer (who is exclusively as much a stakeholder) come up good To take it one cadence hike up it bes in my endure companies that kick in dedicate ingress policies appear to be the nigh caring. Employees documentary care for the misadventure to be able to theatrical role concerns and not finger like a number. I debate this shows that mangers are pull to the overall well world of not only the stake holders besides the count on of the comp either. However, those rounds are immix when it comes to what powers managers very fi lm in particular when it comes to employee superviseing.An old 2001 CNN public aspect poll suggests from a sphere of human-resources professionals at 722 companies, open 74 per centum utter they superintend workers lucre use at work 72 share verbalise they twin on employees e-mail 51 part say they review call in calls. The workplace privateness muckle was conducted by the night club for forgiving resource concern (SHRM), with western hemisphere root word (CNN, 2001). surely those metrical composition progress to lift or at a minimal went unvarying specially since engineering science as mod greatly in the stand firm ten age no doubt. I presumet guess on that point is any enquire that it is utterly legitimate for employers to state employee mail in particular on employers provided email accounts. Courts in my opinion fixm like it would assist respectable most any troupes right to monitor an employees netmail particularly when in that l ocation is basis to reckon the employee is doing something aggrievefulness on friendship property.At every place I throw off tardily worked thither has been a form to sign acknowledging that email isnt private. Employers too may use up detect cuss packet in place that investigates certain buzzwords not only for the tri merelye of the business nevertheless its employees and customers as well. To be trustworthy unless its friendship connect this should be a unfounded issue. You entert bugger off anything to annoying round if youre not doing anything wrong. Its ripe that guileless on that point are so umteenthings these age that get judged or talked intimately at the workplace its hard not to revere or worry. This make-up talked round some of the honourable quandarys in the workplace further what about talk blowing? What should an employee do?I dupet know if whistle blowing violates beau monde truth but it sure would make it an uncomfortable place t o be if it occurred often. I would overhear to find that esprit de corps would dumbfound and the chance of uncomplimentary behaviors would increase. in like manner much of it you may fifty-fifty see a bane of workplace violence. I dont hazard an employee has an cartel of dedication to a company, in time a prima(predicate) facie one, because companies are not the smorgasbord of things that are powerful objects of homage. I do still feel that loyalty is a real wed amidst mountain and should be something that for the interest group of the finished group should ever so be intact. I hazard that employees are thither to work and they shouldnt incur to make police force military officer and if something person does would have a interdict push or endpoint in some obstinate response whence I mobilize account it would only benefit the group. non everyone is divergence to get on and there forget invariably be differences but to key out each person eve ry time they act involuntarily wrong is a vendetta that companies dislike to see. I think the functional approach of superlative good for the sterling(prenominal) verse has to come to spell when blowing the whistle unless of phone line its an ethics entrancement draw by the employee vade mecum or against the habitual formula of ethics.BibliographyLarue tactile sensation Hosmer, 2011 The ethical motive of Management, A Multidisciplinary preliminaryMyron Curry, 2012 moral philosophy in the workplace, retrieved declination 21st, 2012 from http//ezinearticles.com/?Ethics-In-The- oeuvre&id=12475 get in Rafner, 2010 uncouth respectable Workplace Dilemmas retrieved celestial latitude twentieth , 2012 from http//smallbusiness.chron.com/common-ethical-workplace-dilemmas-748.htmlCNN , 2001 supervise employees eyeball in the workplace retrieved celestial latitude21st, 2012 from http//articles.cnn.com/2001-01-02/business/surveillence_1_lewis-maltby-national-workrights-insti tute-monitoring-employees?_s=PMoccupational group

Approval Letters

SAE-UMP Chapter Shell Eco-marathon Asia 2013 Team. 1) Nik Fadhil B Nik Mohammed 24-Jul-1990 23 year hoar EC09051 (Yr. 4) knight bachelor of galvanizing engineering science (Power System) energy of Electrical and Electronics plan 2) Muhammad Hisyamuddin b Jaafar 11-Jan-1990 23 stratum sexagenarian MH09014 (Yr. 4) bachelor of robotlike engineer with self-propelling engine room ability of automatic technology 3) nauseated Nurul Syahirah lay inti ghastly Lanang 15-May-1992 21 form quondam(a) FB11041 (Yr. 2) unmarried man of Mechatronics technology aptitude of Manufacturing plan 4) Mohd Najmi put in Harith 19-Aug-1992 21 year agingMH11099 (Yr. 2) live of mechanically skillful engine room with self-propelled engineer cogency of mechanized applied science 5) Muhammad Taufiq stash away Taha 6-Feb-1992 21 family sr. FA11025 (Yr. 2) unmarried man of Manufacturing engineer might of Manufacturing technology 6) Nur Aisvah binti lsmail 2-Jan-1992 21 s ocio-economic class doddering MH11062 (Yr. 2) unmarried man of mechanical engine room with self-propelling plan capacity of mechanically skillful engineer 7) Muhammad Haziq put in Mazlan 4-Sep-1992 21 category experient MH11042 (Yr. 2) bachelor-at-arms of automatonlike applied science with self-propelled plan efficacy of mechanically skillful applied science ) Muhammad Najmuddin hive away Moskori 13-Nov-1992 21 year out of date MH11020 (Yr. 2) knight bachelor of robotlike applied science with automotive plan capability of robotlike plan 9) demented Muhamad lzzudin stack away Wan lbrahim 4-Nov-1992 21 category experient MH11038 (Yr. 2) knight bachelor of mechanically skillful engineering science with automotive engineering science module of robotlike engineer 10) wardrobe Fu Hong 6-Dec-1991 22 course of study Old MC12051 (Yr. 2) live of robotlike plan with self-propelling design aptitude of mechanistic engineering 11) Mohd Firdaus Bin Mohd Rosli 20-Nov-1989 24 category Old MH09086 (Yr. 4) bachelor of mechanised applied science with Automotive applied science Faculty of mechanic technology 12) Mohammad Hanif Bin Rameli 11-Sep-1992 21 year Old MH11032 (Yr. 2) bach of mechanistic engineering science with Automotive technology Faculty of mechanised applied science 13) sea tangle Shuen Cherng 15-March-1992 21 social class old FB12056 (Yr. 2) live of Mechatronics engineering Faculty of Manufacturing engine room 14) Muhammad Khaidir B Azman 24-March-1994 19 yr Old MB12061 (Yr. 1) bach of mechanically skillful plan with Automotive plan Faculty of mechanically skillful engineering 15) Muhammad Nabil Fikri B Mohamad -Dec-1993 20 Year old MA12070 (Year 1) bach of Mechatronics technology Faculty of Manufacturing applied science 16) Nor Arina Binti Ali Kangsa 4-Jan-1992 22 Year Old MH11090 (Year 2) live of automatonlike plan with Automotive technology Faculty of Mechanical technology 17) Wan emir Haziq B. Wan Mohd Pandi 15-July-1994 19 Year Old MB12056 bach of Mechanical engineer with Automotive Engineering Faculty of Mechanical Engineering 18) Ng Yee Shian 25-April-1992 21 Year Old MC12054 (Year 1) live of Mechanical Engineering with Automotive Engineering Faculty of Mechanical Engineering 9) genus Raja Imran Shah B. Raja Badrin Shah 24-Apr-1992 21 Year Old MH11036 (Yr. 2) Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering with Automotive Engineering Faculty of Mechanical Engineering 20) Muhammad Aiman Safwan B. Jubri 11-Jan-1994 19 Year Old MB12068 (Year 1) Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering with Automotive Engineering Faculty of Mechanical Engineering 21) Ng Wei Ming 21-Jan-1992 21 Year Old MC12056 (Year 1) Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering with Automotive Engineering Faculty of Mechanical Engineering 22) Nor Fadilah Binti Ahmad 19-June-1991 22 Year OldMH11097 (Year 2) Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering with Automotive Engineering Faculty of Mechanical Engineering 23) le e(prenominal) Shun Jian 25-June-1992 21 Year Old FB12043 (Year 1) Bachelor of Manufacturing Engineering Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering 24) Chan Chao Shiung 24-August-1989 FB12061 (Year 1) Bachelor of Manufacturing Engineering Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering 25) Mohd Aiman Bin Mahusin 19-Jan-1990 MH09068 (Yr. 4) Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering with Automotive Engineering Faculty of Mechanical Engineering 26) Mohd Amiruddin Bin Alias 14-Jan-1992MH11076 (Yr. 2) Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering with Automotive Engineering Faculty of Mechanical Engineering 27) Nurul Hasnah binti Awang 24-May-1992 FB11011 (Yr. 2) Bachelor of Mechatronics Engineering Faculty of Manufacturing Engineering 28) Muhamad Syazwan Bin Zolkafli 6-Jul-1991 MH11074 (Yr. 2) Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering with Automotive Engineering Faculty of Mechanical Engineering 29) Che Wan Abdul Rashid Bin Che Wan Hitam 14-Jan-1992 MH11015 Yr 2 Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering with Automotive Engineeri ng Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

English Registered Land Law (problem Q'n) Essay

English Registered Land Law (problem Qn) - Essay ExampleIs she going to contest the problems or is she going to live with it Let us take a close look at the problems that might plague Pamela.Issue 1 1Brians twin brother, Robert, had contributed one third of the purchase price when Brian bought the nominate with the intention of living in that location with his brother and an express trust was drawn up confirming Roberts interest. However, Robert was very much in and out of prison for offences such as burglary and shoplifting and was in prison at the time Brian sold the dramaturgy to Pamela.In this issue it is put one over that Robert is not aware of the sale deed executed by Brian, since Robert is in prison. Also, Brian is the sole proprietor of the Brampton Ho physical exertion. Brian, as mentioned has entered into an express trust with his brother. Through this express trust Robert can live in the house and not fill anything legally. indeed Brian selling the house to Pamela is legally valid and the sale deed asserts the fact that Pamela is the bona fide buyer and Brian is the bona fide seller. The express trust executed between the brothers is not a legal instrument and hence not legally binding on the executed sale deed. Under these conditions Robert cannot hold Pamela to ransom nor can he pick out Brian for his share of the money got from the sale. It is up to Brian to give Robert, if at all he wishes, any share. Basically it is a problem between the brothers and will not Pamelas stead as present owner of Brampton House.Issue 2 Philippa claims that on 1 September 2007 Brian let a room in the house to commence on 1 February 2008 when she is due to start work as a senior manager at a major department store in the area.Philippas claim of being part of Brampton House as a tenant is valid - under the Tenancy Act prevailing at the time and place when the house was sold to Pamela. Pamela has to honour the agreement entered between Brian and Philippa. Thi s is subject to a write agreement between Brian and Philippa. We are made to assume that there exists such an agreement. If there was no such written agreement and it was however an oral arrangement that was discussed between Brian and Philippa, then Philippa cannot do anything now under the present ownership of the house. Hence Philippa will be a headache for Pamela depending on what Philippa has to prove.Issue 3 Natasha, a neighbour and a friend of Brians, maintains that in August 2007, Brian entered into an agreement with her that she could use a path across the garden of Brampton House in order to take a shortcut to the main road and thereby reach the topical anesthetic gym far more quickly. Here, Brian entered into an agreement with her is assumed to be a written agreement. In such a scenario, Natasha has a right of passage through Brampton House irrespective of the owner. She can use the path that runs through the garden and continue to go to the local gym and Pamela cannot object to it. But this right of passage will be confined only to Natasha and will not be binding on any of her friends or relatives and or legal heirs.On the contrary if there was no such written agreement between Brian and Natasha then Natasha can still continue to use the path to reach her gym, provided Natasha can prove that she has been using the path for many years. It may be so, since Natasha is a neighbour of Brampton House, irrespective of t

Harvard Reflection Paper - The definitive Guide to Recruiting in Good Essay

Harvard Reflection Paper - The definitive Guide to Recruiting in Good Times and Bad - Essay Examplendez-Aroz, who is a top ball-shaped business consultant on decisions concerning promoting and hiring of new employees, whereas the other two are reputable professors in Harvard business school (Fernandez-Araoz, 2008). Hence, they possess the required knowledge and find regarding human capital, which is evident in this research besides other scholarly they have authored.The research has prompted me to resolve advancing in all areas of my life (Gkmen & ztrk, 2012). Since, an impressive and dynamic person especially in current business world requires having excellent business ethics. These encompass working on my behavior especially how to line up to diverse settings besides learning to get along with those whom I am working with in any assigned field (Gkmen & ztrk, 2012). In addition, to be a competent person in any given field, one has to learn how to develop oneself where I will kee p on reinventing myself.Human nature is highly inflexible. This is evident when it comes to the adopting any prevailing change in diverse corporations where the top executives despite intending to have a competitive advantage in the market, continue applying their antiquated tactics. Since, they believe those tactics enabled them to make outstanding achievements before, hence they are effective (Fernndez-Aroz, Groysberg, & Nitin, 2009). This is regardless of being aware that, the global business is rapidly changing and commentary numerous old tactics being obsolete. For illustration, many corporations up to date have not adopted constant put forwardment process where they only recruit when the need arises. Therefore, they end up hiring incompetent people who may not have the necessary skills besides their academic excellence to hold and even exposit in the assigned field or position. For illustration, a position may necessitate an employee to have entrepreneurial skills besides having majored in a technical field. Hence, it is super difficult for an interview panel to

Policy, politics and public management-A look at the impacts of Essay

Policy, politics and public management-A look at the impacts of judiciary on real estate - Essay ExampleIn the current analysis, residential and on the loose(p) space property in New Jersey classes are grouped in concert as residential, and commercial, industrial and personal property classes are grouped together as commercial. Statewide, residential new growth accounted for 53 percent of new growth commercial accounted for 47 percent. These ratios were fairly consistent over the three years. An annual update policy is not appropriate or even possible, in every community. For example, a city or large town with a regular assessing staff is clearly better equipped and more able to keep assessments up-to-date than a smaller community with a part-time assessment presence. The more technological advances in the tools available to assessors, however, make an annual update policy more attainable in many communities. A number of cities and towns have invested in geographic information sy stems (GIS) that can quickly bring complex real estate market trends into sharp focus. Powerful PC database and analysis tools have importantly reduced the effort required to perform assessment ratio studies and other analyses necessary to evaluate assessment levels and determine appropriate trending factors.Does a governmental agencys self-abnegation of a development permit constitute a taking of real property The Supreme Judicial Court recently answered this question in the oppose and rejected a propert

Good Citizenship Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Good Citizenship - Research Paper ExampleOrganizations such as Nike Inc. continue to demonstrate how corporations are the classics of the rock-steady citizenship try out in their pursuit of financial gain. Since 1971, the organization has developed from a US-based distributor of footwear to the globes most preeminent marketer of athletic apparel, equipment, and footwear. This has arrive with massive financial gains, for instance, in the 2007 financial year, Nike earned $16.3 billion, which was an increase of $1.3 billion from 2006. Some prominent components instrumental in this growth let in the companys strategy to outsource manufacture to low-cost countries such as China, Indonesia, and Vietnam. Nike does not own any instrumenty which produces its items. The second factor of Nikes success is its bulky public relations strategy, which entails sponsoring renowned athletes such as Lance Armstrong, Tiger Woods and Michel Jordan. However, Nike has been surrounded by controversy wi th anti-globalization activists accuse it of exploiting sweatshop conditions as well as child labor in factories that manufacture its products in order to enhance its financial gain (Carty, 2002). Sweatshops are essentially workplaces, which lash out laws and where workers are subjected to poor work conditions, extreme exploitation, arbitrary discipline, and fear.The issue of sweatshops raises controversies, for instance Should organizations manufacture its products in sweatshops because of the benefit of lower labor costs, which enhance financial gain?... in the organization to dissuade the principal-agent problem, also focuses on the effect of corporate governance systems on economic efficiency, laying strong emphasis on the welfare of shareholders (Goodwin, 2000). There has been new following in the practices of corporate governance by modern corporations since 2001, especially following high-profile collapses of massive US firms such as WorldCom and Enron Corporation. As a consequence, the US national government established the Sarbanes-Oxley Act aimed at restoring public confidence in the area of corporate governance. Organizations such as Nike Inc. continue to demonstrate how corporations are the classics of the good citizenship test in their pursuit of financial gain. Since 1971, the organization has developed from a US-based distributor of footwear to the globes most preeminent marketer of athletic apparel, equipment and footwear (Sytse & Schreuder, 2013). This has come with massive financial gains, for instance, in the 2007 financial year, Nike earned $16.3 billion, which was an increase of $1.3 billion from 2006. Some prominent components instrumental in this growth include the companys strategy to outsource manufacture to low cost countries such as China, Indonesia and Vietnam. Nike does not own any factory which produces its items. The second factor of Nikes success is its extensive public relations strategy, which entails sponsoring renowned athletes such as Lance Armstrong, Tiger Woods and Michel Jordan. However, Nike has been surrounded by controversy with anti-globalization activists accusing it of exploiting sweatshop conditions as well as child labor in factories that manufacture its products in order to enhance its financial gain (Carty, 2002). Sweatshops are essentially workplaces, which violate

To What Extent Can the Thought of Past And Present Diplomatic Essay

To What Extent Can the Thought of Past And Present diplomatical Practiti adeptrs Help to Inform Contemporary Diplomatic Challenges - Essay ExampleThe goal of international prudence in peace keeping is maintaining office over weaker nations. It also resolves at the maintenance of power proportionateness surrounded by countries of equal status (Berridge & Keens, 2004, p78). Despite the fact that several conflict event theorists have come up and developed multifaceted comprehension of power, diplomacy still assert on the concept that power is a zero sum commodity, thus when a person has more, the other has less. This concept and understanding of power in the traditional society has indeed led to the encouragement of positional bargaining rather than the common cooperative and integrative approach. Positional bargaining, in the authentic society, is necessary as it ensures that one nation has led a lot of peace promotion methods in several nations (Moore, 2008, p143). Despite bein g ruled start by some critics as an inappropriate step aimed at helping two different parties reaches an agreement over a given issue, proponents argue that it is one of the most appropriate methods of negotiation. This is because the issue of interest is to reach an agreement just like the buyer and the seller. The buyers interest is to acquire the product in a relatively cheap price whereas the sellers aim is to get the maximum product from the sale of a product. That is the interest or aim of the two is simply a common price. Considering this concept, it is succinct that this concept of diplomacy will be of great use for the future diplomacy if taken severely and professionally by diplomats. Another importance of traditional diplomacy that will be of great use in the future is its formality and protocol oriented in nature. These features were used to show the goodwill gestures during... This paper approves that current diplomatic practitioners have also shown some aspects of in ternational solidarity. This has mainly been used to offer resolution to short term crises, for instance support of the genteel society over time in certain nations like Ukraine has contributed to the finding of resolutions to problems that were short term in nature. The problems included internal and domestic actions which were mainly from different individuals expressing their desire for democratic rights in the European nation. There were boycotts, demonstrations as well as other forms of civil resistances. Inside reformers and insists usually seek for necessary inspirations from the models from other societies. They also take counsel and advice from comparable prior learning experiences by other many reformers, most of whom are recent diplomats. This report makes a conclusion that no pastoral in the world can survive in its own. Every nation requires the dish of another in order to maintain and satisfy the requirements and needs of its people. Trade is an economical pivot to every country. It brings in what the country never produces and gives out what the country produces but never uses exhaustively. In order for trade to thrive, there must be peace. Peace is brought about by international integration and understanding between the two nations. This, thus calls for the need for diplomacy. The past and the present diplomatic practitioners have mainly set examples to future practitioners as well as promised the world that halcyon integration between warring nations is underway.

Summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Summary - Assignment Example1-3). Since there was an air of authority on how it was discussed, the article was found believable by many students. History Department Chair Paul Freedman said that Wikipedia can be used for general orientation, as an introduction to a musical theme but not as an authority on a particular subject (Torbati, 2007, par. 9). Dean Stephen Lassonde find Wikipedia prone to many errors compared to hard copies, which undergo wet editing standards (Torbati, 2007, par. 13). The inaccuracy of the website pushed the History Department at Middlebury to ban it as a citation source (Torbati, 2007, par. 15-16). Students may use Wikipedia for finding a simple minimize of the subject they are working on but it should not be their only source. The legitimacy and authority of hard copies have more definite and actual information rather than a web-based encyclopedia, especially one that is open for everyone to upload information to. Not because it is written like its somet hing possiblebecause of (its) authoritative say-so does not mean that its real and true (Torbati, 2007, par. 32). It is still important to search other books, especially the recommended reading materials given to the students to cross-reference its veracity. Works Cited Torbati, J. (2007).

Financial Accounting Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Financial Accounting Theories - Essay Example..that are taken for granted in current accounting investigate.Political Economy Theory (PET) is divisable into two broad streams of thinking. One being the Classical Political Economy Theory, the other, Bourgeois Political Economy Theory. For the purpose of this typography the Classical Approach will be the main focus. Classical Political Economy Theory follows the basic ideas of P.E.T, but goes further in its bid to shine up and scrutinise structural conflicts and inadequacies within society. The followers of the Classical approach are of the strong opinion that within society even in these modern and evidently liberal times, a class divide is still very apparent. This theory is based around the works of such philosophers as Karl Marx and therefore opposes the very instauration of the Capitalist system. In the writing of Howieson (2006) it is stated that a Classical Political Economy places structural conflict, inequality and the ro le of the state at the heart of the compend.The Critical Perspective is a branch of the Classical Political Economy Theory. ... Critical theorists do not simply question which methods of accounting should be used, kind of they investigate the role accounting as an entity takes within society and cast doubt upon the very underpinnings of the profession. In order to understand the critical theorists view of unregulated corporate disclosures, the bigger picture of their theory must be investigated. The basis for most of the Critical theorists judgements is based upon the idea that most rights, opportunities and associated cater resides in a small (but perhaps well defined) elite, Deegan (2000). They believe that power is not spread evenly throughout society and is not something one can easily consume but is instead controlled by this so-called elite. Included in these elite are those who are already in power and who use this power to remain in such a position while also keeping tho se without power in a position where they will not be able to achieve power. The Critical view is that these elite will inevitably wish for their own good to maintain the status quo, which is already in universe of discourse and is to their benefit. If these powerful individuals were to work towards giving more opportunities to those without power it would decrease their own power level, and, in effect, their social standing. The only people who would benefit from the radical reforms, which would be entailed in the re-distribution of power throughout the various social levels, are those who do not have the ability to bring about those changes. The elite comprises of, the state, those who hold a large capital share in the economy, accountants, accounting researchers, large corporations etc. These groups of powerful people may seem very separate, but, are in circumstance interlinked in their control of power

Annotation of one of the Prescribed Journal Articles Essay - 1

Annotation of one of the Prescribed Journal Articles - Essay ExampleIntroducing the role of nurses in the special administrative region in Hong Kong, the author focuses on workforce, educational and practice issues, as well as on leadership in nursing. In a significant conclusion to the article, David R. Thompson suggests that there should be an effective strategic plan to determine sufficient numbers of properly educated nurses in Hong Kong. In this article analysis paper, the focus has been a reflective analysis of the arguments made by Thompson in his article determining the central arguments and assessing the validity of the essential points.In the introductory section of the article, Thompson focuses on the vital the role of nurses in the special administrative region (SAR) in Hong Kong and the author is emphatic about the importance of nursing to health and healthcare developments in the region. Thus, he explains the importance of nursing with regard to direct care, care coord ination, health promotion, and health education. The nurses of the region deal with these essential functions in hospitals as well as community. Nurses and nursing are central to health and healthcare developments taking place in Hong Kong, not the least because nurses comprise almost 40% of the healthcare workforce. Nurses play a key role in the provision of direct care, care coordination, health promotion, and health education, both in hospitals and in the community. Quality and safety, driven by quality improvement programs and the promotion of evidence-based practice, have been two features that are central to nursing and healthcare. (Thompson 2006, P 158). Therefore, according to the author, educational facility and continuing professional development of nurses are of vital importance in Hong Kong. Resembling any other countries, nursing is experiencing several significant challenges in Hong Kong and the author broadly speaking classifies those under four themes. These signi ficant challenges confronting nursing in Hong Kong are

Machiavelli's view of human nature in The Prince Essay

Machiavellis dupe of human nature in The Prince - Essay ExampleMachiavellis view of human nature in The PrinceIn chapter 15, Machiavelli writes, menand princes, are remarkable for some of those qualities which bring them either blame of praise (Machiavelli, 1961). The princes show those characters that will not deprive him of his state. In this case, men follow what brings them benefit even if it is a vice it will be found that something which looks like a virtue, if followed, would be his laying waste whilst something else, which looks like a vice, yet followed brings him security and prosperity.Being in the highest position of the land, and with the highest authority, the prince should put in effect policies that will serve his best interest (Machiavelli, 1961). This shows that Machiavelli support any action of princes that will give them satisfaction, even if it will hurt the citizens. He believed that the princes followers are sometimes unreliable, and the prince might lose th eir loyalty. This is indicated in chapter 11 For such a prince cannot rely upon what he observes in quiet times, when citizens have need of the state, because then eachone agrees with him they every last(predicate) promise, and when death is far distant they all wish to die for him but in troubled times, when the state has need of its citizens, then he finds but few (Machiavelli, 1961). The prince should therefore ensure that at every moment citizens are in need of the state, and they will always be faithful to him.

LAB Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

LAB - Essay ExampleAlso, in the earliest years of logging much of the swear out was done in the winter so that the logs could be moved on sleds.Per the previous question, there are two ways that logs were taken to the appropriate sawmills. The rootage it was by sled in winter or down the rivers. Although many Michigan men became wealthy in the logging industry the majority of the workers, same the lumberjacks made about $26 a month plus their room and board. This was not particularly much over completely.Bare ground, abandon branches, and low lying stumps were all that was left behind after the loggers had left an area. The rivers no doubt suffered, they would have changed and been disablementd from the constant use and devastation to the surrounding areas. These areas became had little protective groundcover and created immense fire hazards that often would threaten untouched woods and settled areas.So many people believed the propaganda being spread that the leads cleared by l oggers was standard for settlement and farming. For this reason many families spent all of the money they had on this land. However, the land was not fertile, the families could not pay their taxes, and the land became forfeit and given to the state.Ingham County was the depression to be settled. The roads were little more than mud pits, uneven, and difficult to travel. Corduroy roads were roads made from logs, it most cases they were later replaced with planks roads, which were much smoother.The Michigan citizens in the 1960s and 1970s were concerned because the air quality was beginning to diminish, water pollution due to sewage and industrial waste. They began to take measures to improve and repair the damage being done to their home environment.The silo is a rounded tower-like building that is used for storing grains. Silage is the finely chopped crops that were fed to the farmers livestock (Michigan diachronic Museum). A round

The Finite Element Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

The Finite Element - Research Paper ExampleOne of the main challenges in solving partial first derivative equations is to use equations which are approximate but numerically stable so that error accumulation does non cause the solution to be meaningless. The finite segment method is an excellent technique for solving partial differential equations over complex domains. Application of the finite element method in structural mechanics is based on an energy principle, such as the virtual work principle, which provides a general, intuitive and physical basis.The finite element method originated as a technique used to solve stress analysis problems, but today it butt joint be applied to a multitude of disciplines ranging from fluid mechanics, to heat steer to electromagnetism.The buckle of a standard lap belt used in passenger aircrafts has been designed and is ready to undergo testing. In order to be released into the market, the chew up system must be able to withstand a 450 kg t ensile load. It is assumed that the weakest point of the design is the flat plate of the buckle. Thus, prior to act in a costly test scenario, a simple finite element analysis of the buckle is to be made to insure soundness of design, i.e. the somatic does not exceed its yield strength and no significant distortion occurs. Preparing the problem for analysis first requires definition of assumptions.Figure 1 is a schematic drawing of the buckle to be analy... thickness of the part (which is assumed to be constant) is believed to be small enough compared to the width of the part such that shell elements can be used. Displacements are pass judgment to be relatively small such that a linear approximation will be valid. Figure 12.2 actual PropertiesThe part is manufactured from 2.5 mm stainless steel plate with a Youngs modulus of elasticity of 206 GN/m2, Poisons ratio of 0.3, and a yield strength of 580 MN/m2. Homogeneous and isotropous material was assumed with no discontinuities or residual stresses present as a result of manufacturing processes such as forging, rolling and welding. The material is assumed to arrive linear elastic properties.2.3 MeshA mesh that provides a good representation of the model is critical for an accurate solution the elements must be well-shaped and goal fit. For this analysis, the element type chosen was carpenters plane82, which is a 2D structural solid element. The element has 8 nodes, which increases calculation time over its 4-node counterpart but also increase accuracy of solution. Eight-noded elements are also known to be more accurate for modelling curved boundaries, which is where the areas of maximum stress were expected in the buckle. The PLANE 82 element type also offered the benefit of accounting for a thickness value in its input properties. Since maximum stress values were expected in the curved sections of the part, two meshing values were utilised, thus providing a denser mesh in critical areas. In the curved areas, a value of 0.25 was used, piece of music 0.51 was used in the rest of the model.2.4 Boundary ConditionsDetermination and application of boundary conditions is critical to the analysis. For this model, it was assumed that displacements would be small enough so as to not

Techniques of Selling Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Techniques of Selling - Essay ExampleBlades & Razors is Gillettes leading business division, accounting for around 41% of sales. Division developing for the year, at 11.9%, was slightly down on 2003 (12.6%) however, performance should still be considered strong given the increase in competition, in particular from Energizers Schick Quattro 4-blade razor product.Driving growth was the companys continued investment in product mental home, its ongoing focus trading up to premium, higher margin products and growth in emerging markets. A remarkable increase in advertising also contributed. Major product launches during the year were the M3 Power razor and the Venus Vibrance razor for women.Blades & Razors accounts for by far the largest proportion of operate profit, at 63% in 2004, at US$1.6 billion, due largely to higher sales and margins. Performance in 2004 represented an increase of 14% everywhere 2003. Operating profit fell slightly in 2003 chiefly due to a US$50 million charge relating to the realignment of the European manufacturing and distribution operations. counseling on Gillettes core sectors, its primary interest lies in mens razors and blades in which it was ranked number one in the world in 2004 with an increased market share of 65.5%. Gillette competes with Energizer Holdings, which was ranked second in 2004, with a market share of 15.3%, and Bic, in third place with 4.8%.Although its strong performance in 2004 meant that pooh-pooh placed rivals had little chance of making up ground, razors and blades witnessed intensification in competition which while not causing Gillette to lose ground stopped its ascendancy. In novel 2003, Energizer launched its Schick Quattro 4-blade razor product despite an attempt by Gillette to halt the market entry through the law courts. As a result, following threesome years of market share gain, Gillette recorded stagnation in 2004.Gillette responded to this launch in 2004 with a new introduction of its own, pre senting the M3 Power product, a battery provide wet shaving system, in North America in May 2004. The product has since been given a wider global roll-out.Gillette have launched their new product, its a partially new product called the Mach 3, it has had minor changes from their existing product the Sensor Excel, and they have invested heavily in the development and launch. Although this is really just a product returns on their old razor through continuous development, Gillette has also incorporated room for product additions. This could be seen as repositioning their old product. Gillette gives continuous innovation to their products, whether its a new product line or a new product all together.Why launch a new product I hear you say, consumer needs havent really changed, and nothing has created new consumer needs, Gillette must have accessed competitor activity and realized a decline in the market of thither existing products. There existing razor had gone through the product l ife cycle, it had been introduced, experienced growth, reached maturity and then entered a decline.Description of the launch schemaGillette has identified the potential of the new product. They have analyzed the competition and technology, and taken into account the consumer problems, behavior

Compassion of Strangers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Compassion of Strangers - Essay ExampleNying Je can be paraphrased as love and respect--compassion in its purest form is unconditional and universal in scope.The Dalai Lamas compassion is described differently and in a much wider context, encompassing a notion that some of us power describe as unconditional love At the heart of Buddhist philosophy is the notion of compassion for othersit is not the usual love one has for friends or family. The loveis the kind one can have even for another who has done one harm. Developing a kind heart does not always contain any sentimental religiosity It is not just for people who believe in religions it is for everyone who considers himself or herself to be a member of the human family, and thus sees things in accordingly large terms. In essence, this love is for all sentient beings as an extension of oneself. The writer continues, noting that the rationale for universal compassion is based on the homogeneous principle of spiritual democracythe true acceptance of the principle of democracy requires that we think and act in terms of the common good.Compassion, in this essay, takes on a moment slightly different than that commonly accepted by western civilization. We feel compassion as a type of absent sympathy, as something that touches us, sometimes profoundly, on the part of another however, compassion in our society is largely a secondary emotion. According to His Holiness, however, true compassion is a selflessness that lends itself everywhere and to everything in the moment that a compassionate human being witnesses the suffering of another, that human being is immediately moved and internally obligated to do whatever manageable to alleviate said suffering. Within compassion is mentioned the concept of universal responsibility, as both an offshoot and a critical component of this emotion

Opening a big day care center Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Opening a big day c are center - Research Paper ExampleWe do them get ready for assimilation in big schools.At ABC, we are dedicated to provide a warm and family environment for children. Even if we are pitiable to larger scale of setting, we are committed to give the quality individualized care that we defecate been known for. At ABC, we create a family atmosphere where children are allowed to interact with each other. We follow up progress and development of each child and report it to parents regularly as part of our service to parents.ABC sidereal day Care tries to employ best qualified people who are able to keep up with the needs of the day care center and the children under its care. Hiring is ground on competence as shown in academic achievements, prior wok experience, and attitudes.We are an equal-opportunity employer. Our activities ensure that work behaviors are done in an equal manner ground on individual merit and fitness of the employee regardless of color, race, sex, religion, age, nationality, or sexual orientation, or disability. We are committed to prevent sexual harassment and to confront it when it occurs. We leave alone respond to concerns, questions and allegations of sexual harassment brought by any member of the Center. This policy is in accordance with Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Act 1986.As inevitable by the California State for Licensing, teacher moldiness have at least 18 with 12 postsecondary units in early childhood education and have 6 months experience, or hold a valid CDA and have a 6 months on-the-job training or work experience, or hold a Childrens Center Permit issued by the CA commission for teacher Preparation and Licensing.Once a position is offered to an applicant at the center, he/she must be able to submit several documentations such health screening and safety screening, and a free from criminal investigation record. A certificate of heavy physical health , a TB TEST and drug test are needed.A new emplo yee will be

Organic Chemistry (Methamphetamine) Essay Example for Free

Organic Chemistry ( meth) Essay frappe was first synthesized from ephedrine in Japan in 1893 by chemist Nagai Nagayoshi. In 1919, crystallized methamphetamine was synthesized by Akira Ogata via reduction of ephedrine using red phosphorus and iodine.Synthesis is relatively simple, but entails risk with flammable and corrosive chemicals, particularly the solvents used in extraction and purification therefore, illicit production is often discovered by fires and explosions caused by the improper handling of volatile or flammable solvents. Most of the demand chemicals are readily available in household products or over-the-counter cold or allergy medicines. When illicitly produced, methamphetamine is commonly made by the reduction of ephedrine or pseudoephedrine. The maximum conversion rate for ephedrine and pseudoephedrine is 92%, although typically, illicit methamphetamine laboratories convert at a rate of 50% to 75%.Methamphetamine has been reported to occur naturally in Acacia berlandieri, and possibly Acacia rigidula, trees that grow in West Texas. Methamphetamine and regular amphetamine were long thought to be strictly human-synthesized, but Acacia trees contain these and numerous other psychoactive compounds (e.g., mescaline, nicotine, dimethyltryptamine), and the related compound -phenethylamine is known to occur from numerous Acacia species.DiagramsHealth ConcernsPhysical effects can imply anorexia, hyperactivity, dilated pupils, flushing, restlessness, dry mouth, headache, tachycardia, bradycardia, tachypnea, hypertension, hypotension, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, diarrhea, constipation, blurred vision, dizziness, twitching, insomnia, numbness, palpitations, arrhythmias, tremors, dry and/or itchy skin, acne, pallor, and with chronic and/or high doses, convulsions, heart attack, stroke, and death can occur.Psychological effects can hold euphoria, anxiety, increased libido, alertness, concentration, energy, self-esteem, self-confidence, sociability, irritability, aggression, psychosomatic disorders, psychomotor agitation, grandiosity, hallucinations, excessive feelings of power and invincibility, repetitive and obsessive behaviors, paranoia, and with chronic and/or high doses, amphetamine psychosis can occur.Methamphetamine use has a high association with depression and suicide as well as serious heart disease, amphetamine psychosis, anxiety and violent behaviours. Methamphetamine also has a very high addiction risk. Methamphetamine also is neurotoxic and is associated with an increased risk of parkinsons disease. Methamphetamine abuse can cause neurotoxicity which is believed to be responsible for causing persisting cognitive deficits, such as memory, impaired attention and executive function. Over 20 percent of people addicted to methamphetamine develop a long-lasting psychosis resembling schizophrenia after stopping methamphetamine which persists for longer than 6 months and is often handling resistant.Meth labs can also be fatal seeing as they often blow up. This is usually due to amateur chemists operating them. They can also give off deadly fumes.Where It Is Commonly FoundMethamphetamine is FDA approved for use in children and adults under the trademark name Desoxyn. A generic version became available in April, 2010. It is prescribed as a treatment for ADHD and exogenous obesity, as well as off-label for the treatment of narcolepsy and treatment-resistant depression.Physical PropertiesFormula C10H15NMol. Mass 149.233g/molHalf-Life 9-12 hoursMetabolism hepaticIUPAC NameN-methyl-1-phenylpropan-2-amine coordinate Related To FunctionThe structure of this molecule is very much related its function. It closely mimics another molecule which stimulates the brain. This molecule fits the receptor site and therefore acts as a stimulant.Functional GroupsMethylAminoAromatic (Phenyl)

Example of Bullwhipp Effect Essay Example for Free

Example of Bullwhipp Effect EssayThe Barilla company, a major pasta producer determined in Italy provides a demonstrative of issues resulting from the bullwhip set up. Barilla offered special discounts to their customer who ordered full truckload of their goods. Such marketing deals created customer demand-patterns were highly peaked and volatile. The supply string costs were so high that they outstripped the benefits from full truckload transportation.The Barilla case was one of the first published cases that empirically supported the bullwhip phenomenon. The 5 major reasons leading to the bullwhip effect according to Lee Demand signal processing is the is the practice of decision makers adjusting the parameters of the inventory replenishment rule. Target stock levels, safety stocks and demand forecasts are updated in view of information or deviations from targets. Another major cause of the bullwhip problem is the lead-time, which is caused by two components.The physical d elays and also delays in cause of information. The lead-time is a chance upon parameter to calculate safety stocks. The third bullwhip creator is the practice of order batching. Economies of scale in ordering, production set-ups or transportation will quite clear increase order variability. The fourth major cause of bullwhip is highlighted by Lee has to do with price fluctuations. Price discounts and quantity discounts are often offered by retailers. So the retailers buy goods in advance and quantities and store them.This do not reflect their immediate needs. The fifth cause of bullwhip is connected with rationing and shortage gaming. Inflated orders placed by supply orbit occupants during shortage periods tend to boost the bullwhip effect. Possibilities to minimize the bullwhip effect (in order to avoid costs) improve communication in the supply chain simultaneousness of actions (therefore time delays and reaction times can be avoided) centralization of disposition establish str ategic alliances reduce the variability

Lockes Criterion Of Personal Identity

Lockes Criterion Of Personal IdentityWho am I? What makes me, me? The possible action of some unityal identity has been considered oneness of the most change questions that philosophy has taken a deeper look into. The theory of individualised identity tries to deal with the questions about how an individual at one time and place is the alike(p) individual at another time and place. When we look at personal identity, we are trying to figure out what sets us apart from other pieces of matter, species and individuals. In this essay I will discuss John Lockes banner of sameness of soul for the theory of personal identity and why he does not hazard that other physical or psycho logical criteria fit, a challenge to Lockes criterion posed by Thomas Reid using the logic of transitiveness analogy, and lastly how the pointed intellection of co-occur chains of memory that Derek Parfit poses to reform Lockes view so that it may meet the challenge posed by Thomas Reid is a good ance stor to the challenge because it keeps Lockes theory intact and also adds the transitivity property that Reid challenges Lockes theory on.When discussing personal identity, the criterion of identity will strongly depend on the object that you are talking about. There stir been many viewpoints as to what the criterion of personal identity of the self or a person is. Some viewpoints suggest that the criterion for the self is organic that our eubstance is what identifies us over time. Locke invokes that this criterion is not relevant for personal identity of a person because of situations like soundbox switch (Freaky Friday situation). If the consciousness of two people were to switch, e veryone would commend that you are the same person because you look like the same person. However, it is not actually you in your body and because there is a different consciousness in your body, and your body is no longer you your body cannot define your personal identity. Other views describe the criterion as being substance that makes us the same over time. Substance includes both non-physical (soul) and physical substances. According to Locke, substance as a criterion is not applicable for personal identity of a person because of situations like death. When you die, you may be made of the same substance, but if you cease to think (thinking is connected to being a person) then you cease to exist and have no personal identity.Locke looks towards a psychological criterion to define personal identity of a person. According to Locke, a person or the self is different than just matter and just a living thing. A person is a thinking intelligent being that has reason and reflection and can consider itself as itself, the same thinking thing in different times and places which it does only by that consciousness which is inherent from thinking. This describes what is known as sameness of consciousness. We are the same person to the point where we are conscious of our past and fu ture memory or mental state in the same way that we are conscious of our current memory or mental state. This criterion can also be broken overpower into an analogy said by Locke person x is the same as person y if person y is consciously connected to x in the sense that person y can esteem the thoughts and actions of person x. According to Locke, the necessary criterion of personal identity is sameness of consciousness. This sameness of consciousness observes outright from memory and experience. Locke believes that the sameness of consciousness is the ideal criterion of personal identity for a person because since consciousness is always connected to thinking, and being able to think is what makes a person a person and allows that person to distinguish its own thoughts from anothers, as far back as our consciousness can be encompassing to any past thought, so far back will our identity extend. As far back as the person can repeat or reflect on a past thought or action with its current consciousness, so far back is the personal identity of the person.Thomas Reid, as well as many other philosophers and critics who oppose the idea of sameness of consciousness criterion, otherwise known as memory theory, have a very hard time agreeing that sameness of consciousness is a necessary criterion for personal identity. They understand that the sufficient condition that the view of sameness of consciousness criterion is trying to state is achievable if I remember eating a manifold chocolate counterfeit bar, then I must have been the one that really ate the triple chocolate fudge bar. However, they dont understand how sameness of consciousness is a necessary condition for personal identity that if I cannot remember eating the triple chocolate fudge bar, then it is impossible that I was the one who ate the triple chocolate fudge bar. The fact that it is impossible for you to have the same personal identity if you cannot remember that past thought or action is where Reids challenge arises.Reids challenge towards Lockes theory is presented in the form of the logic of transitivity analogy that states that if x is related to y, and y is related to z, then x is related to z. Using a modern example, Reids theory follows that the dwarfish girl who play in the sand(x) is the same person who was a student at the University of Toronto(y) and the person who was a student at the University of Toronto(y) is the same as the woman who is CEO of a banking firm(z), and therefore using the logic of transitivity, the little girl who play in the sand(x) is therefore the same person as the woman who is CEO of a banking firm(z). Reid successfully shows that transitivity allows the little girl who played in the sand and the woman who is CEO of a banking firm to have the same personal identity condescension the fact that the woman who is CEO of a banking firm may not remember ever being the little girl who played in the sand. collectible to the fact that Reids ch allenge is successful in showing that the CEO and the little girl who played in the sand can be the same person and share the same personal identity, it shows that Lockes theory denies the fact that the CEO and the little girl who played in the sand are the same person which ignores the logic of transitivity and is therefore false. Lockes criterion does not take into consideration the transitivity property and Reids challenge points out this clear and big flaw.Reids challenge explains that Lockes criterion of personal identity completely ignores the logic of transitivity. His challenge proves that Lockes criterion, without any changes applied, fails because it cannot just ignore the transivity property. However, Derek Parfit, a British philosopher who also explored the topic of personal identity, suggested a possible resolving power to slightly change Lockes criterion to make it so that it meets this challenge. Parfits suggested resolving power is to make the criterion of personal identity overlapping chains of memory. Going back to the modern example of the little girl who played in the sand and the CEO, Parfits suggested solution would state that if the student at the University of Toronto could remember being the little girl who played in the sand, and the CEO remembered being the student at the University of Toronto, then this overlapping chain of memories would allow the CEO to be the same person as the little girl who played in the sand.This solution helps Lockes theory overcome Reids challenge while still defending the core parts of Lockes theory. Parfits overlapping memory theory allows for the CEO and the little girl to be the same person, which covers the transitivity property. It allows x to be the same person as z. It also still allows for sameness of consciousness or memory theory to be the necessary criterion of personal identity. It fulfills the sufficient condition of the criterion if I remember eating a triple chocolate fudge bar, then I mus t have been the one that really ate the triple chocolate fudge bar, and fulfills the necessary condition of the criterion If I dont remember eating a triple chocolate fudge bar, as long as I remember buying the chocolate fudge bar to eat than I am the same person who later ate the triple fudge chocolate bar because I have overlapping chains of memory that allow me to be the same person. The necessary condition is fulfilled because it shows that through the overlapping chains of memory I may not remember everything but as long as I remember enough to continue the chain of memories, I will be the same person.Although this solution is a sound response to Reids challenge, it does not give a specific conclusion for what the criterion of identity truly is. It states that instead of the criterion being one specific definition, it is more like a group of experience, memories and thoughts that make us the same person at time one and time two. However, Parfits argument is a sound response to Reids challenge and therefore does successfully transform Lockes view so that it will meet the transitivity property as well as the necessary condition of consciousness. Overall, Lockes view on personal identity is just one of many and there will be many more to come on this complicated and deep topic.

Dangers of Escalation of Commitment in Accounting

Dangers of Escalation of Commitment in AccountingThis report analyses the issue of escalation of commitment to a material body of live up to from the perspective of the pharmaceutical industry. Escalation can be defined as a situation where a failing venture is supplied with additional resources beyond the point of feasibility. As such, escalation carries substantial dangers for organisations by generating avoidable economic losses. The report inquiries into the generic causes of escalation by examining subject literature. Accordingly psychological, neighborly, organisational and go for-specific factors are identified as common escalation activators. Exploration into the particulars of the say industry categorises hitability issues, market performance concerns, maturing products portfolio alongside development pipeline conditions as features amplifying pharma companies vulnerability to escalation. The point is supported by real-life sheath examples regain in the appendix.Appr eciation of escalation causes allows for development of effective prevention policies. The report suggests preventive measures aimed at reducing the occurrence of escalation triggers, such as challenging the individual and social causes. Approaches for reducing other factors impact on decision-making are outlined in the form of strategy alteration as well as process solicitude policies. The report finalises with suggestions on escalating situations management.Statement of ReferenceThe aim of this 2000-word report is to inquiry the causes and dangers of escalation of commitment to a course of action from the perspective of pharmaceutical companies.This report is to tax the dangers of escalation of commitment to a chosen course of action through the perspective of pharmaceutical companies. In disposition to achieve the aim set, the paper first analyses the commentary and threats arising from the phenomenon of escalation.Next, adjacent the framework proposed by Ross Staw (1993) g eneric causes of escalation are summarised. Subsequently, the report looks at industry- and do drugs development-specific escalation triggers in an attempt to identify why the pharmaceutical companies are peculiarly vulnerable to the dangers of escalation of commitment.Then, escalation prevention provisions organised around tackling previously identified triggers are outlined. The report concludes with suggestions concerning the issue of escalating situation management.Escalation of commitment Definition and dangersEscalation can be defined as a situation where an individual over-commits resources to a failing venture aft(prenominal) receiving negative feedback on its performance. Having an option to discontinue, the decision-maker forgoes rational behaviour and devotes more money, time or effort in a false belief that greater involvement result bring the project to successful completion (Staw, 1981). virtually examination suggests that escalation as such should not be automat ically assigned negative connotation. Low level of employee commitment is also damaging to organisational performance mount factors big businessman discharge over-commitment (Heath, 1995). Another view assumes escalation to be a congenital feature of the business decision-making that should be treated as an unavoidable expense (Bowen, 1987). The prevailing notion supported by extensive research suggests that escalation of commitment should be acted against (Brockner, 1992) because of carrying dangers ofUltimately leading to multiplication of avoidable lossesIntroducing irrational decision-makingUndermining the basic inclose of business activity to maximise gains with minimal beGenerating substantial opportunity beConsuming unrecoverable resources, such as time.Appreciation of escalation triggers allows for development of in effect(p) prevention methods aimed at reducing the occurrence of such factors, subsequently protecting the connection from the aforementioned detriment s.Generic causes of escalationPsychologicalInitial research suggested that escalation arises primarily from the natural incline of the human being to self-justify behaviour. Supplying the course of action with additional resources serves as unconscious defence technique the individual reassures him/herself that the original decision make was rational (Staw, 1976). Self-justification need is heightened if the decision-maker holds responsibility for the resource allocation (Staw, 1981), which is typical for investment decision setting.Prospect theory applied to escalation suggests that self-justification is not critical prerequisite for its occurrence. Escalation is induced by the decision-maker using a frame to make decisions under conditions of uncertainty of results. The decision-maker views subsequent decisions in reference to outcomes of initial judgements in order to produce a coherent frame. The negative feedback on the initial resource allocation results in the subsequent dis tribution being viewed as a natural selection between certain(prenominal) and possible loss, or a negative frame. Subsequently individuals are prone to escalation by becoming risk-seeking failing to accept a definite loss even at the cost of incurring greater in the future (Whyte, 1986).How the decision-maker perceives incurred costs, constitutes another escalation trigger (Garland Newport, 1991). Following prospects theory, the sunk costs effect suggests that costs incurred viewed in relation to the total expenditure induce a negative frame, leading to escalating behaviour. Linked with that, the dislike of waste provides another motivation to supply the course of action further, kind of than face a definite loss (Arkes Blumer, 1985). Interestingly, excitement about the project outcomes (Schmidt Calantone, 2002), and sunk-time effect (Navarro Fantino, 2009) aid escalation occurrence.SocialImportantly, the aforementioned need to justify the correctness of behaviour is not limited to the individual and applies to the wider social context (Staw, 1976). Maintaining an image of a ordered decision-maker among peers proves equally, or more, important to meeting self-justification needs.The passion to obtain social approval is exacerbated under insecurity of the social status in the group, or in a presence of an adverse crowd (Staw, 1976). In such instances the individual is likely to model his/her behaviour to reproduce the model endorsed by the audience (Brockner, 1992). As the group replicates leader stereotypes that emphasize the need for decision-makers to be consistent in actions in order to be perceived as competent (Staw Ross, 1980), the individual aspiring to achieve consistency with the stereotypical image will over-commit not to distort others belief in their leadership potential, and to reaffirm position in the group structure.Intra- or inter- group competition can indicate escalation. The management is shifted away from objective assessment of the p ossible outcomes of a chosen decision onto the motivation to win. The need to do whatever it takes to get a step forrad of the competitors maintains scope for irrationality and escalation as such irrational behaviour is common to both of the parties involved (Bazerman, 2006).OrganisationalProjects receiving strong organisational support are prone to escalation (Pfeffer, 1981 in Ross Staw, 1993), as the decision-makers identify them with the existence of organisation itself. Furthermore, the centrality of the project to organisational values and its entrenchment in the organisational structure account for the projects being continued despite reservations (Goodman et al., 1980 in Ross Staw, 1993). Unwinding the reinforcement radical might threaten the very basis of working organisational structure induce change that is often associated with risks and dangers. The costs of bankers acceptance of status quo are perceived as minor to the potential dangers of modified environment.Main taining disposition and consistency between values and actions prove to constitute forces inducing over-commitment from organisational perspective (Ross Staw, 1993). Companies having publicly announced success might be more hesitant to admit failure and discontinue with the course of action.Project-specificHigh development costs and risky market performance of the finished product, the acceptance of failures and losses as a feature of the RD process, and reluctance of decision-makers to emotionally detach from the prolonged projects account for greater escalation exposure of RD projects (Schmidt Calantone, 2002).Low potential reusability (Staw Ross, 1993) of the fall ind output results in reluctance to discontinue the venture in order to avoid waste. Negative framing induces the perception of exit costs, such as compensation packages as definite waste, leading to escalation.The advancement of the project on a timeline constitutes another threat due to sunk-cost effect (Navarro Fan tino, 2009). Projects reaching advanced stages of development would be discontinued reluctantly because of accumulation of used resources, including time, and the perception of imminent availability of the anticipated gains.Industry-specific Escalation TriggersProfitability issuesRecent data suggests that pharmaceutical companies are to face decline in profit figures in forthcoming years (Datamonitor, 2010). This can be attributed to steadily increasing drug development costs the costs producing the final product exceed $1 billion, with as few as 20% of successful product entries achieving the break-even point (Innovation.org, 2010). Estimates suggest that pharmaceutical companies should launch two to four drugs annually to maintain squiffy profit margins (Gassmann Reepmeyer, 2005). However, due to high attrition rates the overall success of organisations strategy is often reliant on the success of a single project (Kola Landis, 2004). These factors pressurise the companies to cont inue with projects and disregard arising reservations to maintain profitability.Maturing product portfolioThe reduction in new component approvals can be partially attributed to strengthening drug readjustment requirements. Other explanation lies in the controversial innovation deficit experienced by the industry (Schmid Smith, 2004). Lower innovation figures account for pharmaceutical companies being go about with maturing product portfolio. Consequently, the companies engage in a variety of advanced projects overly-optimistically assessing their revenue potential, failing to discontinue when reservations arise. Eventually, the companies face greater losses as the projects fail to generate anticipated revenues, but incurring avoidable losses (Appendix Dimebon case).Concerns for market performanceThe pressure to persist is further reinforced by the need to be consistent with companys vision (Ross Staw, 1993). Endorsing the projects demonstrates consistence with the mission stateme nt reaffirms the reputation as well as reassures the market and investors on following the profitable trail. However, forgoing ethical and recourse aspects of drug delivery over concerns for market performance and cost-cutting proves detrimental (Appendix GSK Puerto Rico Plant).Development pipeline conditionsThe specificity of the drug development pipeline further adds to the vulnerability to the dangers of escalation of commitment. The drug development time is estimated to surpass 10 years, with the costs amplifying as the project progresses (Accenture, 2007). This suggests heightened emotional attachment and excitement towards results, as well as existence of supporting infrastructure as powerful motivators of escalation. Attrition figures reveal that escalation is common in the industry as the nigh projects are withdrawn after reaching the most cost intensive stage of advanced clinical trials that precedes the registration process or are recalled after reaching the patient due to safety concerns that commence been ignored earlier on (Kola Landis, 2004) (Appendix Avandia case).Escalation how to prevent it?Tackling individual and social causesPerhaps introduce appraisal procedures emphasizing ones ability to build on past actions, rather than progression of the project. This will reduce managers fear of negative consequences if the project fails. Confidential treatment of sensitive matters, such as personal failures, will reduce the reputation retention motivation for escalation (Simonson Staw, 1992).Consider developing positive leader stereotypes supported by convergent organisational values emphasizing the rationality of decision-making. Furthermore, introducing panel decision-making procedures contribute to preventing escalation by reducing individual responsibility for the decision taken (Simonson Staw, 1992 Schmidt Calantone, 2002). Inviting members of relevant departments allows for assessing the projects success potential from a variety of angles li miting scope for escalation to arise.Ponder developing achromatic decision frames by rotating managers in charge of the project so that different individuals held responsibility for initial and subsequent resources allocations (Simonson Staw, 1992). Additionally, foster for emotional detachment from sunk costs by introducing training in mental budgeting (Heath, 1995).Project evaluation and managementClear and achievable targets should be set out at the project trigger alongside exit points at various stages of progression (Schmid Smith, 2004). Measuring projects performance against set aims assessing the efficiency with which resources yield results at the selected points allows for primordial estimation whether the project is following the anticipated pathway, thus allowing to avoid greater losses. Consider adopting attrite early strategy (Schmid Smith, 2004) as companys motto.Consider participation in multi-stakeholder analysis projects evaluating the potential value of innovati ve drug projects at early stages of development such as the consultations conducted within the European Healthcare Innovation Leadership Network (AstraZeneca, 2010).Ponder involving external parties in the project (Schmidt Calantone, 2002). Perhaps engage auditors to assess the success projects success potential at its outset or to devise effective contingency planning. This will moderate objectivity and independence of organisational politics. Consider outsourcing the project to subcontractors to avoid its institutionalisation in the organisational structure.Alternating middle-to-long-term strategyConsider renewing existing product portfolio and engagement in me-too drug developments. This ensures steady revenue generation from inelastic demand segments (Ganuza et al., 2009) and carries less risk comparing to reliance on anticipated gains from innovative compounds. Estimations suggest that involvement in drug-related sectors or focusing on advancement in licensed compounds constit ute a potentially profitable alternative (Schmid Smith, 2004). Consider GSKs involvement in healthcare brands as an example.Managing EscalationSuppose the escalating situation arises, consider replacing the project manager or establishing panel assessment in order to remove the negative intellection frame, rid off the potential self-justification needs and assess realistically projects success potential (Simonson Staw, 1992). Consequently, ponder engaging external consultants to develop plausible solutions and introduce other point of view independent of the political and organisational influence. Otherwise, evaluate potential salvage value of the project towards establishing uses other than the initial one anticipated (Appendix sildenafil case).Furthermore, consider whether external financial support for advanced research is available and if is feasible to use towards accomplishment of the projects aims. Otherwise, ponder engaging in partnership with a company undertaking resear ch in similar compound in order to combine knowhow and reduce costs.AppendixAvandia caseRecent withdrawal of GSKs super innovative and best-selling diabetes drug, Avandia, in EU was caused by the linkages with deaths by heart failures among the patients on the medication (FT.com, 2010b). Allegedly, the company was aware of the severity of adverse effects, however launched the drug to the market (Avandia Recall News, 2010). Estimations suggest that GSK could face between $1.1bn and $6bn in compensation costs (FT.com, 2010a) that could have been avoided had the company ceased the project when safety concerns were brought to light. Additionally, bad publicity incurred after the allegations surfaced resulted in fall of GSK share prices, and the company facing negative profit accounts (FT.com, 2010c).Dimebon casePfizer has recently withdrawn from advanced clinical trials (undertaken in partnership with Medivation) of highly anticipated Alzheimers disease cure, Dimebon, after the drug ex hibited no promising therapeutic results (MedScape Medical News, 2010). The reservations about the curative properties of the compound have been raised at early stages of the process. It is assumed that the logic behind Dimebons miraculous effects was never properly investigated. Furthermore, similar compounds failed in previous trials (ABC News online, 2010). Escalating behaviour in such case could be linked to Pfizer losing patent rights the currently marketed Alzheimers treatment, Aricept and was in need of a profitable replacement. As a result of failure to investigate and evaluate promptly, Pfizer has incurred $725 one million million million in RD costs (the Economist.com, 2010).GSK Puerto Rico Plant caseGSK is reported to pay $750m in penalty payment to US government and other claimants following allegations on manufacturing malpractice and failure to adhere to safety standards in production plant in Puerto Rico. The allegations regarding mal-adjusted doses of active ingredi ents and ineffectiveness of drugs submitted to government programmes were revealed by a former employee and resulted in the company being charged with a criminal offence (Wall Street Journal Law Blog, 2010).Viagra caseInitially Viagra was developed as a cordial drug aimed at decreasing blood pressure and preventing cardiac arrests. Clinical trials unexpectedly revealed potentially exploitable and marketable properties of the drug high effectiveness in fighting erectile dysfunction in men.In the six months following its launch as a revolutionary treatment, in 1998 Viagra worldwide gross sales have exceeded 300 million (BBCnews.com, 1999).